John K. Clark - Glasspainter Rosh Hoshanah - Yom Kippur
The Sounding of the Shofar

Central to this window are the two bound hands and the hand above holding a knife. This represents the account of Abraham and Isaac which is one of the earliest acts of faith in God and central to Judaism, the Akeidah. The willingness of the Jew to offer everything in the service of God.

Below, the ram caught in the thicket provided by God as a replacement offering for Isaac.

Above Shofars are being sounded. Many have been included to establish that this event is occurring all over the world on this day wherever Jews live.

The Blowing of the Shofar is the essential ritual of Rosh Hoshanah.

The Mishnah states that the horn of any animal except the cow can be used, i.e. sheep, ram, antelope etc., but it was later decided that the rams horn be used recalling the story of Isaac.
A curved shofar should be employed referring to man bowing to God.
The sound of the shofar is said to be a weeping sound and reputed to have the ability to soften the divine judgement.
The notes of the shofar are intended to proclaim the need for an immediate spiritual revival.

The Day of Memorial and Remembrance

In this window, the imagery comes directly from the prayer book, the Siddur.

At the very top of the window is a crown symbolising that God is King on this day. It is in darkness and surrounded by darkness representing the hidden and unapproachable nature of God.
".....This day on which was the beginning of thy work, a memorial of the first day of creation."
This is represented in the same way as in the Creation Window with the separation of the darkness from the light.
"Before thee all secrets are revealed....
There is no forgetfulness before thy throne of glory."
The crown represents God, it is "...dark, hidden and mysterious...."
Sentence is also pronounced on countries;
"Which of them to the sword and which to peace,"
The hand holding the knife is also the symbol of Abraham from the previous window.
The dove carrying the olive twig, is both a symbol of peace and of Noah.
The hands releasing the dove and the rainbow are also symbols of Noah and of God's covenant with him.
"Of Noah also wast mindful in thy love
and didst visit him with a promise of salvation
and mercy when thou broughtest the waters of the flood.
And god remembers Noah and every living thing
and all the cattle that were with him in the ark."
"Which to famine and which to plenty,"
Represented by the cattle shown art the base of this panel and the skulls of cattle seen next to them.
"A memorial of our departure from Egypt."
This is represented by the parting of the water with buildings in the background as in the Season of freedom window.

The Day of Judgement

The final aspect of Rosh Hoshanah is the Day of Judgement, hence the scales representing Judgement..
This motif recurs five times in all throughout the series of windows and always represents a time of judgement.

Central to this window are the three books. Three books are opened in heaven on Rosh Hashanah, one for the completely righteous, one for the completely wicked and one for the average persons. The righteous are immediately inscribed in the Book of Life. The wicked are inscribed in the Book of Death and the average people are kept in suspension between New Year and The Day of Atonement.

If they deserve well, they are inscribed in the Book of Life, if they do not, they are inscribed in the Book of Death.
An apple tree and honey is a traditional symbol on New Year. It stems from the belief that if sweetness is eaten at the beginning of the year then sweetness will abide for the rest of that year. After Kiddush on the festival, and before the meal, a piece of apple is dipped in honey and eaten.

The Tashlich ceremony (Tashlich - to cast). This is the casting of sins on a body of running water. In the middle ages it was traditional to cast breadcrumbs or to empty out the crumbs from the pockets. This custom was disapproved of by the Rabbis of the time as it had its origins in pagan beliefs. When the ceremony first appeared is not certain but it was first discussed in the fourteenth century. It is considered better if the water contains fish, a traditional reason for this is that the fish whose eyes never close are a reminder of God who is ever watchful to look down on his creatures with mercy.

In the Jewish tradition, birds represent prayers winging their way to heaven and white is symbolic for purity.
The difficulty in former times of predicting the exact time of the new moon was one of the reasons why Rosh Hoshanah is a two day festival.

The 12 stars represent the twelve Tribes of Israel.

Yom Kippur

"on the tenth day of this seventh month is the day of atonement;
there shall be a holy convocation unto you,
and ye shall afflict your souls;
and ye shall bring an offering made by fire unto the Lord."

It's biblical name points to the perfect rest of body and soul.
There is the desire for fellowship and at-one-ment with God and humanity.
Each person examines their lives, grants his own pardon, depending on his sincerity to break with his past mode of sinful life.
The principal purpose of Yom Kippur is re pentance.
As with the previous two windows, the birds represent prayers. In this window there are more betokening the prayers for forgiveness which reach a zenith on this day.
Yom Kippur is the holiest day of the festival and of the entire year.

White is symbolic for purity. The scrolls of the Torah have white vestments on Yom Kippur and people are encouraged to wear white clothes in the synagogue.

In the days of the Temple the Scapegoats were used for the atonement of sin both individual and national. The colour red surrounding the scapegoats symbolic of atonement through blood.
The fire with the bullock like the scapegoats, refers to the days of the Second Temple when there were special burnt offerings on Yom Kippur.

The Shofar is blown once at the end of the day.
The request is to be sealed in the Book of Life represented, as in the previous window, by the green book.

 

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