The Torah placed the celebration of the New Moon on a par with observance of the festivals. It was often referred to together with the Sabbath. This prompted the speculation that originally the Sabbath was the full moon.
The Jewish calendar is a lunar calendar and therefore all the festivals with the exception of the Sabbath are linked to the moon.
This window is to emphasise that connection and it contains symbols for the main festivals.
The crown at the top, represents Rosh Hoshanah,
the parting of the sea, Pesach, the fire,
Shavuot and the palm for Sukkot.
Although the day is no longer celebrated, a blessing is still made in the synagogue at the time of the New Moon.

On the 30th day of the month, the Sanhedrin would assemble to wait for two reliable witnesses to testify that they had seen the crescent moon in the sky. After the witnesses were examined and the rabbis were convinced then the Sanhedrin would solemnly sanctify that day as Rosh Chodesh. Messages were sent out across the land. This was originally achieved by means of beacons (bonfires) on hilltops beginning on the mount of olives and repeated on mountain-tops throughout the land.
The moon is referred to as being surrounded by stars.
As with other windows, the golden vine leaves are symbolic for the Temple.
God is praised as the Creator and master of Heaven who renews the moon.
Psalm 104 known by the opening words "bless the Lord, Oh my soul"
This Psalm is regarded as one of the most beautiful examples of Hebrew Poetry.
An expression of Monotheistic belief with its central theme of of Glorification of God the creator of the universe, whose majesty and beauty testify to his wisdom.
Rosh Chodesh is unique in that it is celebrated not once but twelve times a year.
It was a day of rest, no trade was done and festive meals were prepared, however work was not forbidden making it a minor festival.